Photographic lens



Nov. 24, 1931.

P. RUDOLPH PHoToGnAPHIc-Lzus Filed Oct. 2, 1930 Patented Nov. 24, 1931 UNITED STATES 'Search ggm PATENT oFFicE PAUL RUDOLPH, 0F GROSSBIESN'ITZ, NEAR GORLITZ, GEBMANY- PHOTOGRAPHIC LENS Application filed October 2, 1930, Serial No.

The lens is extremely rapid, as it increases the aperture to beyond f: 1.

As regards construction the lens is somewhat similar to those lenses consisting of two convexo-concave diverging lenses separated by a biconcave air space, said diverging lenses being enclosed by two collecting lenses with each one convex air space. Whereas in the known lenses of this kind a considerable distance exists between all the lenses, or only the two convexo-concave lenses touch one another, or only the collecting and diverging lenses touch one another, the new arrangement, which will be hereinafter described consists in that all the lens distances are equal to zero, as the biconcave air space has a centre thickness equal to zero and the two air spaces of collecting form are sharp edged. This arrangement requires a certain sequence of radiiand thicknesses of the lenses, which makes it possible to obtain a good spherical, chromatic and'astigmatic correction, as also the great relative aperture of fzl and more. The lenses must however not press one against the other, a

minimum distance being practically indispensable.

A sample of the invention is illustrated by way of example in the only figure of the accompanying drawing which shows the ob.- ,iective composed of four lenses separated by air.

The construction data are the following:

Focal dstance=100 Relative aperture f: 1 r1: 98.2 mm. 1=L=L5: r2= 446.4 mm. nD=1.624v =56.9

B is the lens diaphragm.

It is apparent that the lens surfaces have comparatively small curvatures, that best kinds of glass may be used, and that all glass thicknesses are notv considerably larger than necessary for the requisite lens diameter.

These are properties which facilitate the 485,885, and in Germany Uctober 28, 1929.

is cemented of two elements. This can be done for special purposes also at the same time with the second diverging lensor only with this latter. Moreover it is possible to do without any cementing, if the relative aperture of the lens is made smaller, or if as flint glass for L2, L3 or for L4, or also for both lenses, a glass with very strong dispersion is chosen, for example ln13=1.7'15v`= 29.6. The. fact that the refraction exponent becomes also higher, that is also higher than that of the crown glass L1, L3, L5, does not alter the character of the lens. a plies with regard to the introduction of diderent kinds of glass for L1, L3 and L5, also glasses'with lower refraction exponents, as also for L2 and L4. Only accordingly slight radiiand thickness alterations might eventually become necessary.

The utilization of a very strong diverging flint glass certainly results in that the slight- This also i ly greenish color of the glass somewhat reduces the absolute light intensity, but the relative aperture may then be increased beyond fzl.

The question of the diaphragm arrangement B of the lens is solved by the use of an iris diaphragm between the surfaces rs and n. This diaphragm should only be capable of shutting down to a certain aperture.

I claim:

A lens for photography andpprojection, composed of four lenses, separated by air, two of said lenses being convexo-concave diverging lenses facing with their convex surfaces and enclosed by two collecting lenses, in which the biconcave air space be-v tween the diverging lenses possesses the centre thickness zero and the two air spaces of collecting shape have at the same time a sharp edge.

Intestimony whereof I affix my signature.

P. RUDOLPH.

making of the lenses, and which are essential for a good efficiency of the lens.

In the example, a diverging lens (L2, L3) 

